Gallium nitride is an inorganic. The chemical formula GaN is a compound of nitrogen and gallium. It is a direct bandgap semiconductor and has been commonly used in light-emitting diodes since 1990. This compound is similar in structure to wurtzite and has high hardness. With a wide band gap of 3.4 electron volts, gallium nitride can be used in high power, high speed optoelectronic components. For example, gallium nitride can be used in laser diodes of violet light. It can be used without using a nonlinear Diode-pumped solid-state laser. Generates violet light (405nm) laser.

The research and application of GaN material is the forefront and hot spot of global semiconductor research. It is a new semiconductor material for the development of micro-electronic devices and optoelectronic devices. Together with SIC, diamond and other semiconductor materials, GAN material is known as the third generation semiconductor material after the first generation of Ge and Si semiconductor materials, the second generation of GaAs and InP compound semiconductor materials. It has wide direct band gap, strong atomic bond, high thermal conductivity, good chemical stability (almost not corroded by any acid) and strong anti-irradiation ability, and has a broad prospect in the application of optoelectronics, high temperature and power devices and high frequency microwave devices.

Gallium nitride is mainly used in the following fields:

1. Third-generation semiconductor materials: wide band gap semiconductor materials mainly represented by silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), zinc oxide (ZnO), diamond, aluminum nitride (AlN), among which gallium nitride is the first commercially available, the largest market share, and the most mature technology among third-generation semiconductor materials.

2. Optoelectronics: including low-end LED and high-end laser applications, it has been widely used in high-power and high-speed optical fiber communication, optoelectronic information processing, photocells, lasers, detectors and other fields.

3. Rf field: It is mainly used in RF amplifiers in 5G base stations, but the promotion seems to be stuck in industrial stagnation at present.

4. Power electronics: The most popular consumer electronics applications, represented by mobile phones, include power management and power converters.

In addition, gallium nitride is widely used in power devices, radio frequency devices, microwave devices, infrared detectors and so on.